Week 10

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Gas Supply System

 
Introduction
  • Gas is one of the fundamental states of matter
  • A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (eg: neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (eg: oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (eg: carbon dioxide)
  • What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles.
credit:google

Gases have 3 characteristics properties which are:
  1. Easy to compress
  2. They expand to fill their containers
  3. More occupier space compared to solid and liquid
Physical characteristics
credit:google


Gas laws
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Natural gas

credit: google

Natural gas is naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane. It is commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkane and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide or helium.

credit: google

Natural gas formed when layers of decomposing plant and animal matter are exposed to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the Earth over millions of years.

Characteristics
  • Natural gas is lighter than air. It tends to be easily dispersed and diluted.
  • NG is transported in pressurised vapour state from gas processing plants or terminals via pipeline to end user appliances.
Uses of natural gas
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Processing & transportation of natural gas
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Peninsular Gas Utilisation

Peninsular Gas Utilisation (PGU) serves as the backbone of Peninsular Malaysia natural gas supply infrastructure. The pipelines are operated and maintained by Petronas Gas Berhad (PGB). PGU infrastructure comprises 6 gas processing plants with capacity of 2000 million standard cubic feet per day.
credit:google

  • Natural gas utilized in the National Gas Power Generation is supplied by the PGB through the PGU system which is connected to the Power Generation facilities.
  • Natural gas cover mostly industrial corridor and power generating sites.
  • Gas Supply Act 1993 covers peninsular, Sabah and Labuan,
Liquid Petroleum Gas
  • LPG is produced during the refining of crude petroleum oils
  • Stored as a liquid under pressure, the gas is colourless and odourless in its natural state.
  • LPG vapour is heavier than air. So, it may flow along the ground and into drains and be ignited at a distance from the source of leakage.
LPG Supply Concept

credit:google
LPG Piping System

1. Storage vessel
  • Stored at consumer's premises in pressurised vessels (for bulk storage systems) or in cylinders, which are manifold together (stored in multiples)
2. Delivery or service pipeline
  • Used for delivering the LPG vapour from the storage tank to appliances.
Components and its function
Gas piping


There are several types of gas piping which are galvanized steel, copper, brass or corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST). The most common gas piping is black steel. Flexible connectors are permitted to connect appliances to the gas piping. There has to be a shut-off valve at the connection to the rigid piping. This valve has to be in the same room as the appliances.

Pressure gauge
credit:google

A pressure gauge is a fluid intensity measurement device. Pressure gauges are required for the set-up and tuning of fluid power machines. Gauges help to ensure there are no leaks or pressure changes that could affect the operating condition of the hydraulic system.

Gas cylinder


Gas cylinders store gases under high pressure. Gas cylinders can store both flammable gases, such as, acetylene and inert gases such as helium. High-pressure gas cylinders are also called bottles but bottled gas maybe in a liquid or dissolved state in the cylinder.

Ball valve
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A ball valve is a device with a spherical closure unit that provides on/off control of flow. Ball valve are durable, performing well after many cycles and reliable.

Pressure regulator
credit:google

A pressure regulator is a control valve that reduces the input pressure of a fluid to a desired value at its output. Regulators are used for gases and liquids and can be an integral device with an output pressure setting.

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